Sulifdation Corrosion is a result of naturally occurring sulfur compounds found in crude oil. In the absence of hydrogen, corrosion due to sulfur compounds in the crude is thought to occur at temperatures above 500°F (260 °C). Up to that temperature, corrosion rates due to sulfidation are relatively low, even for carbon steels, unless there is naphthenic acid present in the crude. High temperature sulfidation is one of the most well-known corrosion mechanisms in the oil refining industry because it can occur in multiple sections of the refinery.
Inspection methods for finding low silicon components vary, and programs differ from stripping all insulation, to the use of radiographic methods or long range guided wave UT methods to find all welds and selectively stripping insulation. This allows access to the piping on either side of the weld, as well as the weld itself.
Of course, rather than stripping insulation, there are more practical ways to perform baseline thickness checks. For example, one could use an X-ray imager to find welds and then cut a cookie in the insulation to check the thickness of each piping segment. Once the cookie has been cut, thickness checks can be done and positive material identification (PMI) could be performed. Pulsed eddy current (PEC) is also useful NDE technique for finding thin components without stripping insulation.
Beside the above mentioned, for the steel material PMI testing, XRF(X-ray fluorescence ) is an ideal method to determine the concentration of the low silicon. when exposed to hydrogen-free sulfidation corrosion conditions, carbon steels with low-silicon ,less than 0.10% content can corrode at an accelerated rate.
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